Compare Guernsey (2004) - Southern Ocean (2003)

Compare Guernsey (2004) z Southern Ocean (2003)

	Guernsey (2004)	Southern Ocean (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (British crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 10 parishes including Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson, Vale, Castel, Saint Saviour, Saint Pierre du Bois, Torteval, Forest, Saint Martin, Saint Andrew	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 15.6% (male 5,161; female 5,013) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 21,497; female 21,897) 65 years and over: 17.6% (male 4,812; female 6,651) (2004 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit; Guernsey cattle	-
Airports	2 (2003 est.)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 78 sq km land: 78 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands	total: 20.327 million sq km note: includes Amundsen Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, part of the Drake Passage, Ross Sea, a small part of the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative	about one-half the size of Washington, DC	slightly more than twice the size of the US
Background	The island of Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy, which held sway in both France and England. The islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II.	A decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 delimited a fifth world ocean - the Southern Ocean - from the southern portions of the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. The Southern Ocean extends from the coast of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitude, which coincides with the Antarctic Treaty Limit. The Southern Ocean is now the fourth largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean, but larger than the Arctic Ocean).
Birth rate	9.16 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $381.3 million expenditures: $368.8 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)	-
Capital	Saint Peter Port	-
Climate	temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast	sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter
Coastline	50 km	17,968 km
Constitution	unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice	-
Country name	conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey conventional short form: Guernsey	-
Currency	British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Guernsey pound	-
Death rate	9.87 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Debt - external	NA	-
Dependency status	British crown dependency	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (British crown dependency)	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (British crown dependency)	-
Disputes - international	none	Antarctic Treaty defers claims (see Antarctica entry), but Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK assert claims (some overlapping), including the continental shelf in the Southern Ocean; several states have expressed an interest in extending those continental shelf claims under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS) to include undersea ridges; the US and most other states do not recognize the land or maritime claims of other states and have made no claims themselves (the US and Russia have reserved the right to do so); no formal claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west
Economic aid - recipient	NA	-
Economy - overview	Financial services - banking, fund management, insurance, etc. - account for about 55% of total income in this tiny Channel Island economy. Tourism, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Light tax and death duties make Guernsey a popular tax haven. The evolving economic integration of the EU nations is changing the environment under which Guernsey operates.	Fisheries in 2000-01 (1 July to 30 June) landed 112,934 metric tons, of which 87% was krill and 11% Patagonian toothfish. International agreements were adopted in late 1999 to reduce illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, which in the 2000-01 season landed, by one estimate, 8,376 metric tons of Patagonian and antarctic toothfish. In the 2000-01 antarctic summer 12,248 tourists, most of them seaborne, visited the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, compared to 14,762 the previous year.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - production	NA kWh	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Sark 114 m	lowest point: -7,235 m at the southern end of the South Sandwich Trench highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues	NA	increased solar ultraviolet radiation resulting from the Antarctic ozone hole in recent years, reducing marine primary productivity (phytoplankton) by as much as 15% and damaging the DNA of some fish; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in recent years, especially the landing of an estimated five to six times more Patagonian toothfish than the regulated fishery, which is likely to affect the sustainability of the stock; large amount of incidental mortality of seabirds resulting from long-line fishing for toothfish note: the now-protected fur seal population is making a strong comeback after severe overexploitation in the 18th and 19th centuries
Environment - international agreements	-	the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing) note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the very cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north
Ethnic groups	UK and Norman-French descent with small percentages from other European countries	-
Exchange rates	Guernsey pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-Chief Lt. Gen. Sir John FOLEY (since NA 2000) head of government: Chief Minister Laurie MORGAN (since 1 May 2004) cabinet: Policy Council elected by the States of Deliberation elections: the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister is elected by States of Delibertion election results: Laurie MORGAN elected chief minister, percent of vote of the States of Deliberation NA	-
Exports	NA	-
Exports - commodities	tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables	-
Exports - partners	UK (regarded as internal trade)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross	-
GDP	purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion (1999 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3% industry: 10% services: 87% (2000)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $20,000 (1999 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	5.7% (1999 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	49 28 N, 2 35 W	65 00 S, 0 00 E (nominally), but the Southern Ocean has the unique distinction of being a large circumpolar body of water totally encircling the continent of Antarctica; this ring of water lies between 60 degrees south latitude and the coast of Antarctica and encompasses 360 degrees of longitude
Geography - note	large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port	the major chokepoint is the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica; the Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) is the best natural definition of the northern extent of the Southern Ocean; it is a distinct region at the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that separates the very cold polar surface waters to the south from the warmer waters to the north; the Front and the Current extend entirely around Antarctica, reaching south of 60 degrees south near New Zealand and near 48 degrees south in the far South Atlantic coinciding with the path of the maximum westerly winds
Highways	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	-
Imports	NA	-
Imports - commodities	coal, gasoline, oil, machinery and equipment	-
Imports - partners	UK (regarded as internal trade)	-
Independence	none (British crown dependency)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA	-
Industries	tourism, banking	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4% (2000 est.)	-
International organization participation	UPU	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	-
Judicial branch	Royal Court	-
Labor force	31,320 (2000)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	-
Land use	arable land: NA permanent crops: NA other: NA (2001)	-
Languages	English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts	-
Legal system	English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court	-
Legislative branch	unicameral States of Deliberation (45 seats; members are elected by popular vote for 4 years); note - Alderney and Sark have their own parliaments elections: last held 21 April 2004 (next to be held NA 2008) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - all independents	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 80.17 years male: 77.17 years female: 83.27 years (2004 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA	-
Location	Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France	body of water between 60 degrees south latitude and Antarctica
Map references	Europe	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm	-
Merchant marine	none	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	-
National holiday	Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)	-
Nationality	noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander	-
Natural hazards	NA	huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue
Natural resources	cropland	probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields on the continental margin, manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs; squid, whales, and seals - none exploited; krill, fishes
Net migration rate	3.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	none; all independents	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	-
Population	65,031 (July 2004 est.)	-
Population below poverty line	NA	-
Population growth rate	0.31% (2004 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson	McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica note: few ports or harbors exist on the southern side of the Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most of them to short periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private vessels; vessels in any port south of 60 degrees south are subject to inspection by Antarctic Treaty observers (see Article 7)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	-
Religions	Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: 1 submarine cable	-
Telephones - main lines in use	55,000 (2001)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	31,500 (2001)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	-
Terrain	mostly level with low hills in southwest	the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 meters over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water; the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep, its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 meters (the global mean is 133 meters); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum of 2.6 million square kilometers in March to about 18.8 million square kilometers in September, better than a sixfold increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers
Total fertility rate	1.38 children born/woman (2004 est.)	-
Transportation - note	-	Drake Passage offers alternative to transit through the Panama Canal
Unemployment rate	0.5% (1999 est.)	-

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